In spring wheat fields, the key to effective weed control is "early" action. Weeding during this season plays a critical role in managing weeds before they become problematic. Common herbicides used for spring wheat include tribenuron-methyl, fluroxypyr (fructose oil), and 2,4-D butyl ester. These should be applied from the green-up stage of the wheat until the early jointing stage, with the most common application period being around the time when the wheat starts to regreen. It's recommended to apply these herbicides before March 15th to prevent any negative impact on the crop. Notably, the earlier 2,4-D butyl ester is applied, the safer it tends to be. When applying herbicides in spring wheat fields, it’s important to tailor the treatment based on the types of weeds present. Different weeds require different herbicides to maximize effectiveness. For instance, in areas dominated by broadleaf weeds like sow thistle, wild leek, and ricefield barnyard grass, farmers in Huaixian County typically use 75% tribenuron-methyl at a rate of 7–1.8 grams per mu, mixed with 30–40 kg of water. For fields affected by grassy weeds such as wild oat or bromegrass, 6.9% fluazifop-P-butyl (Fuma) at 60–70 ml per mu, or 3% shengma emulsifiable concentrate (Shima EC) at 25–30 ml per mu, is commonly applied. In cases where both monocot and broadleaf weeds are present, adding 6.9% Fuma to the solution can help control both types. For severe infestations, 20% of the area may be treated with 50–60 ml of 2,4-D butyl ester per mu, combined with 30–40 kg of water. However, 2,4-D butyl ester can cause phytotoxicity in dicot crops like sorghum and cotton, so it should not be used in cotton fields. Also, equipment used for 2,4-D butyl ester must be thoroughly cleaned to avoid contamination and damage to sensitive crops. Proper dosage is crucial in spring wheat weeding. Using too little may reduce effectiveness, while excessive amounts can lead to strong residue effects and even crop injury. Typically, 72% 2,4-D butyl ester emulsifiable concentrate is applied at 50 ml per mu, 75% tribenuron-methyl suspension at 1–1.8 g per mu, 75% DuPont Superstar dry suspension at 0.9–1.4 g per mu, 6.9% Fuma at 60–70 ml per mu, and 3% Shima EC at 25–30 ml per mu, all diluted in 30–40 kg of water. It's important not to adjust the dose without proper guidance to prevent poor results or crop damage. The timing and conditions of herbicide application are also vital. Herbicides should be applied between 9 am and 4 pm on sunny days with light wind. High temperatures and sufficient sunlight enhance the plant's ability to absorb the herbicide, while strong winds can cause drift, leading to uneven coverage and potential damage to neighboring crops like fruits and vegetables. The optimal temperature for 2,4-D butyl ester is above 15°C to ensure maximum efficacy. Finally, the spraying process should be even and thorough. It's best to use a secondary dilution method: first mix the concentrated herbicide, then dilute it properly before application. Each mu should receive at least 30 kg of water to ensure uniform coverage and better absorption. This approach helps improve the overall effectiveness of the herbicide while minimizing risks to the crop.

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