In spring wheat fields, timely weeding is crucial for effective weed management. The early stage of the growing season is a critical window for applying herbicides to control weeds before they become too established. Common herbicides used in spring wheat include tribenuron-methyl, 2,4-D butyl ester, and fluazifop-p-butyl. These should be applied from the green-up stage of the wheat through the early jointing phase, with most applications typically done during the green-up period. It's important to apply these products before March 15th to avoid any negative impact on the crop. In particular, the earlier 2,4-D butyl ester is applied, the safer it tends to be. When dealing with spring wheat fields, herbicide application should be tailored to the specific weed species present. Different weeds require different herbicides to achieve optimal control. For example, in areas dominated by broadleaf weeds such as sow thistle, wild garlic, and barnyard grass, farmers in Huaixian County often use 75% tribenuron-methyl at a rate of 1–1.8 g per mu, mixed with 30–40 kg of water. For fields affected by grassy weeds like wild oat and bromegrass, 6.9% fluazifop-p-butyl (Fuma) is applied at 60–70 ml per mu, or 3% simazine emulsifiable concentrate at 25–30 ml per mu, also mixed with 30–40 kg of water. When both monocot and broadleaf weeds are present, adding 6.9% Fuma to the mixture can help control both types effectively. In severe infestations, 20% of the area may be treated with 50–60 ml of 2,4-D butyl ester per mu, again using 30–40 kg of water. However, 2,4-D butyl ester can cause phytotoxicity to broadleaf crops like cotton and sorghum, so it should not be used in cotton fields. After application, equipment must be thoroughly cleaned to prevent contamination and unintended damage. Proper dosage is essential when applying herbicides in spring wheat fields. Too little may result in poor weed control, while excessive amounts can lead to long-term residue effects and potential crop injury. For instance, 72% 2,4-D butyl ester emulsifiable concentrate is typically applied at 50 ml per mu; 75% tribenuron-methyl suspension is used at 1–1.8 g per mu; DuPont Superstar dry suspension is applied at 0.9–1.4 g per mu; 6.9% Fuma is used at 60–70 ml per mu; and 3% simazine emulsifiable oil at 25–30 ml per mu, all mixed with 30–40 kg of water. It is important not to adjust the dosage arbitrarily to ensure effective weed control without causing harm to the crop. The timing and environmental conditions for herbicide application are equally important. Herbicides should be applied on sunny days between 9 am and 4 pm, avoiding windy conditions that can cause spray drift and uneven coverage. High temperatures can enhance herbicide absorption, but wind can reduce effectiveness and potentially damage other crops nearby, such as fruits and vegetables. The ideal temperature for applying 2,4-D butyl ester is above 15°C to maximize its efficacy and minimize risks. Finally, even spraying is key to achieving uniform coverage. To ensure proper mixing, it’s best to use a secondary dilution method—first preparing a concentrated solution, then diluting it to the desired strength before application. Each mu should receive no less than 30 kg of water to ensure thorough coverage and better herbicide performance. This approach helps maintain the quality of the crop while keeping weed populations under control.

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