In recent years, the traditional water supply systems that relied on water towers, high-pressure tanks, and pressure vessels have gradually been replaced by more advanced technologies. Modern systems now utilize computer-controlled variable frequency drives (VFDs) to regulate pump motors, enabling smooth speed control and constant pressure water supply. This innovation has significantly improved system stability, reduced equipment size, and enhanced energy efficiency. However, the high cost and technical complexity of VFDs have negatively impacted the performance-to-price ratio of water supply systems. To address this issue, the most effective approach is to reduce the VFD capacity without compromising the system's performance. Market research indicates that larger VFDs directly increase project costs. Therefore, when designing large-scale water supply systems, optimizing VFD capacity is a key strategy for improving engineering cost-performance. One promising solution is the binary variable flow pump combination method. As proposed in literature [1], this method eliminates the need for a frequency converter or pressure tank, using instead a binary-variable flow pump regulator. The system consists of four pumps—M0, M1, M2, and M3—operating in parallel. Each pump has the same rated head, but their flow rates double progressively: M0 has a flow rate of q, M1 has 2q, M2 has 4q, and M3 has 8q. The working state of each pump is represented by a binary digit (a0, a1, a2, a3), forming a four-digit binary number that determines the total flow output. The system uses an electric contact pressure gauge to set upper and lower pressure limits (H2 and H1). When the actual pressure drops below H1, the programmable controller adjusts the pump states in increasing binary order to raise the flow. Conversely, when the pressure exceeds H2, it reduces the flow by decreasing the binary number. This ensures the pressure remains within the desired range, stabilizing the water supply. Another optimized design combines a single variable frequency pump with fixed-speed pumps. For example, in a system with three pumps (P0, P1, P2), P0 is controlled by a VFD, while P1 and P2 are switched on/off at power frequency. This setup allows continuous flow adjustment between 0 and 4q, reducing the required VFD capacity by half compared to traditional systems. Adding more pumps (like P3 with a flow of 4q) can further expand the adjustable range up to 8q, maintaining stable pressure throughout. By integrating binary pump combinations with VFD control, the system achieves high precision, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. This hybrid approach optimizes both performance and budget, making it ideal for modern water supply applications.

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