Machining process specification and process documentation

First, the mechanical processing procedures

The machining process specification is the process document that specifies the mechanical processing process and operation method of the part. It is the most important technical document of the mechanical manufacturing plant. Its specific role is as follows:

1 . The process specification is the main technical document that guides production and is the basis for directing production on site.

For a large number of mass-produced factories, due to the strict organization of production, careful division of labor, and the requirement of detailed technical procedures, the organization and command of production can be facilitated. For a single batch of small-scale production plants, the process specification can be simpler. However, no matter the scale of production, there must be technological procedures, otherwise production scheduling, technical preparation, key technology research, equipment allocation, etc. cannot be arranged, and production will be in chaos. At the same time, the process specification is also the basis for handling production problems. For example, product quality problems can be clearly defined by the process rules and the responsibility of each production unit. In accordance with the production process for production, easy to ensure product quality, access to higher production efficiency and economic benefits.

2 . Process rules are the basic basis for production organization and management.

First, with the process specification, before the new product is put into production, technical preparations related to production can be carried out. For example, machine tools are prepared for the machining of parts, and special work tools, clamps, gauges, etc. are designed. Secondly, the design and dispatch department of the factory arranges the time and quantity of each part to be charged according to the process specification, adjusts the equipment load, and each work place produces rhythmically according to the working time quota, so that all departments, workshops, sections and work of the entire enterprise Close cooperation with the land ensures a balanced production plan.

3 . The process specification is the basic information for a new or modified (expanded) plant or workshop.

When building or modifying (expanding) a factory or workshop, only the type, quantity, and specifications of the machine tools and other equipment required for production can be determined based on the process specification; the area of â€‹â€‹the workshop, the layout of the machine tools, the type of work of the production workers, and the technical level. Quantity; arrangements for the auxiliary department.

However, the process specification is not fixed, it is a summary of the practice of production workers and technicians in the production process. It can be modified according to actual production conditions to make it continuous improvement and improvement, but it must have strict approval procedures. .

Second, the principle of the development of process regulations

The principle of the development of process regulations is high quality, high production, and low cost, that is, under the premise of ensuring product quality, strive for the best economic benefits. The following issues should be noted when formulating the process specification:

1 . Technological advancement

When formulating the process specification, it is necessary to understand the development level of the process technology in the industry at home and abroad, and to adopt advanced technology and equipment through the necessary process tests.

2 . Economic rationality

Under certain production conditions, there may be several kinds of technological solutions that can guarantee the technical requirements of the parts. At this time, the most economically reasonable plans should be selected through accounting or comparison with each other to minimize the energy, material consumption and production costs of the products.

3 . Have good working conditions

When formulating a process specification, care must be taken to ensure that workers have good and safe working conditions when operating. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of mechanized or automated measures in the process plan in order to reduce the labor-intensive labor.

Third, the original data when formulating process regulations

The original data when formulating the process specification mainly includes:

1 . Product drawings and technical conditions.

Such as product assembly drawings and parts drawings;

2 . The product's process plan.

Such as product acceptance quality standards, rough materials, etc.;

3 . Product parts routing or workshop division schedule. To understand the management of products and companies;

4 . Product production program (annual output). To determine the type of production;

5. The company's production conditions.

In order to formulate a practical and feasible process specification, we must understand and be familiar with the production conditions of the company. Such as the production capacity of blanks, the technical level of workers, and the manufacturing capabilities of special equipment and process equipment, and the existing equipment status of enterprises;

6 . Related process standards.

Such as various craft manuals and diagrams, should also be familiar with the company's various corporate standards and industry standards;

7. Related equipment and process equipment and information.

The equipment and process equipment selected for this process specification should be thoroughly understood, such as specifications, performance, age, and existing accuracy;

8 . Domestic and foreign products related process information.

In the formulation of the process regulations, it is necessary to constantly study domestic and foreign relevant process data, actively introduce applicable advanced technology, and continuously improve the level of technology in order to obtain maximum economic benefits.

Fourth, the development of process procedures

1 . Calculate the production program of the part and determine the type of production;

2 . Analyze product assembly drawings and part drawings

Mainly include the processing technology of the parts, assembly process, the main processing surface and technical requirements, to understand the function of the parts in the product;

3 . Determine the type, structural shape, and manufacturing method of the blank;

4 . Elaborate the routing

Including the selection of positioning criteria, the determination of the surface of the processing methods, the division of the processing stage, to determine the degree of concentration and dispersion of the process, the rational arrangement of the processing sequence;

5. Determine the machining allowance for each process, calculate the process dimensions and tolerances;

6 . Select equipment and process equipment;

7. Determine the amount of cutting and calculation time quota;

8 . Fill in the process document.

Five, process file format

The content of the craft file is filled in a certain format of the card, which is the process document that becomes the basis for production preparation and construction. The format of commonly used process files is as follows:

1 . Machining process card

This card is a process unit and briefly lists the process routes (including blank manufacturing, mechanical processing and heat treatment, etc.) through which the entire part is processed. It is the basis for formulating other process documents, and it is also the basis for production preparation, scheduling, and organizational production. In this type of card, since the description of each process is not specific enough, it is generally not directly to guide the operation of the worker, but is mostly used as a production management. However, in a single batch of small batch production. Since other more detailed process documents are not usually produced, the card is used to guide the production. The mechanical process card is shown in Table 3-5.

2 . Machining process card

The machining process card is a process document that describes the entire process in detail. It is a main technical document used to guide the production and help workshop managers and technicians to master the entire part processing process, and it is widely used in small batch production of parts and important parts in batch production. The contents of the machining process card include the material, weight, blank type, process number, process name, process content, process parameters, operation requirements, equipment used, and process equipment of the part. Machining process card format is shown in Table 3-6.

3 . Machining process card

The machining process card is based on the machining process card as a process. It describes in more detail the requirements of the various parts of the various processes, is used to specifically guide the workers operating process documentation. On this kind of card, a sketch map of the process shall be drawn to explain the content, process parameters, operation requirements, equipment and process equipment used for each step of the process. Generally used for mass production of parts. Machining process card format is shown in Table 3-7.

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