China's own diphenyl carbonate complete cleaning technology can provide complete software package for 10,000-ton industrial test equipment
With the successful development of China's national "863" project, a groundbreaking technology titled "The Cleaner Production Catalyst and Process for the Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate and Phenol Transesterification of Diphenyl Carbonate" has been completed. This innovation ensures the future feasibility of non-phosgene production of polycarbonate. According to the reporter, the technology, developed by the Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, holds 11 patents and offers a comprehensive software package for designing a 10,000-ton industrial-scale testing facility.
Currently, China imports nearly all of its polycarbonate, with an import volume reaching 730,000 tons last year. Over the next 5–10 years, demand is expected to grow by 10% to 15%. Many domestic companies are eager to enter this market and are planning large-scale polycarbonate production plants. By 2010, it is anticipated that China’s polycarbonate production capacity will reach 300,000 tons, with a corresponding demand for diphenyl carbonate ranging between 26 million to 30,000 tons.
The transesterification method for producing diphenyl carbonate not only boosts demand for products like methanol and dimethyl carbonate but also enhances the downstream industrial structure of coal and natural gas in China, increasing product value. Additionally, this process helps break foreign intellectual property barriers, ensuring a stable and clean supply of raw materials for polycarbonate production.
Diphenyl carbonate is primarily used in the production of polycarbonate and is widely applied in solvents, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Traditionally, it is produced using phosgene, a highly toxic and corrosive substance, which poses serious safety and environmental risks. As economic and technological development progresses, replacing phosgene with non-toxic dimethyl carbonate to synthesize phenyl carbonate has become a promising alternative. This process aligns with the principles of green chemistry.
This technology was first developed and commercialized by GE in the 1990s. Researchers at the Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry have designed advanced catalysts and high-performance reactors, optimized reaction conditions, and refined product separation and purification methods. They have mastered the core technology of the transesterification process.
Further optimization was conducted on a 1,000-ton pilot plant located at Chaoyang Chemical Plant in Tangshan, Hebei. Key challenges such as catalyst lifespan, reactive distillation, and purification were addressed, ensuring reliable technical parameters for industrial testing. The pilot plant operation demonstrated a phenol conversion rate of over 46%, diphenyl carbonate selectivity of 99% or higher, a catalyst life of more than 1,080 hours, and product quality meeting polycarbonate standards.
The fitness equipment for chest exercises has diverse characteristics and can meet different training needs and goals.
1. Barbell bench press is one of the most common training exercises for chest muscles, mainly training the pectoralis major, shoulders, and triceps. When using a barbell push, it is important to maintain a straight back and stable shoulder blades, avoid excessive use of shoulder and arm strength, and adjust the weight and frequency of the barbell to suit your level of ability.
2. Dumbbell bench press is another common exercise for training chest muscles, which places more emphasis on the stability and balance of the chest muscles compared to barbell bench press. When using dumbbell push, it is necessary to maintain the stability of the arms and try to keep the movements of both arms consistent. A smaller weight can be used for dumbbell push to improve stability and grip.
3. A chest stretcher is a device specifically designed to train chest muscles, which can be adjusted to different body shapes and training needs by adjusting the position of the seat and handle. The advantage of chest thrusters is that they can more effectively isolate and stimulate the pectoralis major muscle while reducing the impact on other muscle groups.
4. A fitness ball is a multifunctional equipment that can be used for various training exercises, including chest training. By performing exercises such as bench presses and push ups on the fitness ball, the challenge and stability requirements for the chest muscles can be increased.
5. The pull-up device is used to exercise upper body muscles, including chest muscles. By performing pull ups, the development of chest muscles can be effectively stimulated. When using the pull-up device, it is important to maintain correct posture and movements, avoid shaking and excessive use of arm strength.
In addition, other equipment such as butterfly machines, fitness ropes, barbells, and flying birds can also be used for chest exercises. No matter which equipment is chosen, the key is to maintain correct movements and postures, grasp appropriate weight and frequency to avoid injury and achieve the best training results
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